Monday, August 24, 2020

Norms and Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Standards and Security - Essay Example His article is amazingly sound and his style of composing that of an individual personally connected with the complexities of worldwide political situation. In this article he offers three exceptionally appropriate conversation starters. One, where this standard begins? Two, to what degree does it impact state activities? Three, for what reason does this standard surpass other â€Å"ethical injunctions†? in the United States, the double problems of a stubborn Saddam Hussein and psychological militants, for example, Osama canister Laden have brought calls up in Congress and among the media for death to be considered as an arrangement choice (105). He brings up that verifiably political death has not been depended on by â€Å"great powers† and entire scale war has been the favored choice despite the fact that the blow-back if there should be an occurrence of a full scale war is significantly more and prompts the loss of numerous guiltless lives and pulverization of property. He urban areas that,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ethical concerns for the most part place deaths forbidden as an arrangement choice particularly when the objective is a worldwide leader† (105), however because of stupendous changes in the manner in which the global governmental issues is led today, reality has outweighed vision and by augmentation morals and profound quality have been side lined in universal issues. Taking everything into account his down to earth way to deal with political deaths is that in this advanced universe of genuine politic where psychological oppression and guerilla fighting have supplanted the conventional methods of savagery this choice or ploy of political deaths, but â€Å"unethical† (105) to accomplish certain political closures is consummately

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Set It and Forget It Three Small Tweaks That Can Make a Big Difference in Your Bottom Line

Set It and Forget It Three Small Tweaks That Can Make a Big Difference in Your Bottom Line In business, individuals redistribute. In business, individuals use innovation to take care of their issues and make their lives simpler. Authors? Not really. We like to locate that hardest, longest, most disappointing method of getting things done and clutch it as though our very presence relies upon it. Isn't that so? Or on the other hand maybe you’re an author who feels there’s nothing in your business that could even be robotized, positively not the way toward discovering customers or producing assignments. What's more, that’s where I come in. Since I’m a major devotee to making life simple when it very well may be made simple. I don’t hold back on look into, I unquestionably don’t hold back on the time I spend idealizing my composition and my work, yet in the event that there’s a manner by which I could robotize the business end of my work, I’m just for it. Here then are three things I do routinely in the set it and overlook it classification that could help save some time and create more salary for you. Your Website I like to consider assignments that come to me through my site as â€Å"found money.† It’s not work I go searching for and it generally pays truly well, since customers who’re scanning on Google for consultants in India just haven’t found the correct ones yet and are eager to pay great rates for somebody they think may make their life simple. I manufactured my site once, and, while I update it as often as possible, it doesn’t really require work or exertion on my part to discover these customers. A nearness on Google is sufficient. My site works for me as a result of area, yet you may have another particular range of abilities. You may, for example, be an essayist who does a great deal of copywriting work for squander the board organizations. You need to ensure that when somebody scans for that specialty, your name springs up. That’s going to bring you business continually and if you’re not springing up on some specialty on some Google search, you’re losing cash. Your Reprints I don’t accept there’s a great deal of discovered cash in reprints any longer however on the off chance that you computerize the procedure and make it straightforward, a couple coming about deals might merit the time speculation you make in setting up the framework. My stunt is straightforward: When you get an agreement for your piece, make a note of how not long after the piece is distributed you’re permitted to have it republished and set that date on your schedule. On that date, go through an hour or two searching for business sectors for that republish (you can for the most part find around 20-30 markets) and do an email impact. On the off chance that the market is acceptable, the planning is great, and you’re fortunate, you’ll make a deal - or three - and if not, you haven’t invested hours squandering your energy in attempting to showcase a reproduce that’s not going anyplace. On the off chance that it sells, amazing. If not, proc eed onward. Whenever you have something distributed, do this once more. Your Letter of Introduction I’ve just modified my Letter of Introduction since I needed it to have a considerably more noteworthy effect, yet my last LOI got countless dollars worth of income for me. I did a shoot each couple of months when I felt that work was evaporating. As a general rule, it figured out how to either rustle up some business or assist me with interfacing with another editorial manager or customer. A decent Letter of Introduction takes work, however, so don’t hope to simply blast one out in a short time and hope to see the cash coming in. I attempt to customize my LOIs each time I send them out, despite the fact that the essential organization continues as before. Furthermore, I additionally take extraordinary consideration to compose it well the first run through so that it’s a format I can work off. Put in a couple of hours idealizing your LOI like you would a leaflet or some other showcasing material. However, once you’ve done it, it’s a simple pay genera tor that can get customers rapidly absent substantially more than an email impact at regular intervals. At the point when you set it and overlook it, you make time for yourself to do the things that are essential to you, such as composing. What part of your outsourcing business will you computerize today?

Friday, July 17, 2020

How Forgiveness Can Help With Your Panic and Anxiety

How Forgiveness Can Help With Your Panic and Anxiety Panic Disorder Coping Print Learning to Forgive When You Have Anxiety By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 15, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 31, 2020 Chris Tobin / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Forgiving those who have hurt you isn’t always the easiest thing to do. However, when you learn to forgive others, you are releasing yourself from the anger and negativity that binds you to that person. Forgiveness can help you release deep feelings of sadness and resentment. It can also help you move past negative thoughts that often contribute to anxiety and depression. You deserve to be free of the pain caused by someone else. Learn to let go and accept the past as it was and embrace your life as it is today. Why You Should Forgive For many reasons, you may feel that it is too difficult to forgive others who have deeply hurt you. You may feel that the person isn’t worthy of your forgiveness. Maybe you fear that forgiving someone will make it appear that you are excusing his or her wrongful actions. Forgiveness can be especially difficult when you never receive an apology that you rightfully deserve. It is certainly possible that the person who wronged you isn’t even sorry for what they did. In other circumstances, the person you need to forgive may have passed away, which can make closure even more difficult. Considering all of these challenges, you may be asking why should you forgive. For one thing, forgiveness sets us free. When we hold onto the anger, hurt, and resentment associated with what another person did to us, then we are still allowing them to cause damage in our lives. The person may be long gone from your life, but the anger you feel inside still remains. Years will pass by and you will still be holding onto these negative feelings. Forgiveness can be an empowering way to let go of the pain that the other person caused. It is not about excusing a person for cruel or insensitive behavior. Rather, forgiveness is about striving to live your healthiest life and moving past the upsetting actions of others. Through forgiveness, you can experience other emotional benefits, including improved relationships with those currently in your life. Consider how your deeply held anger and resentment can be affecting your relationships. You may find that when you forgive others that you are more open to trust, love, and acceptance in your current relationships. Forgiveness also relieves stress, anger, and resentmentâ€"feelings that are known to negatively affect the body and mind. Research has determined that managing stress and anger can aid in sleep, reduce anxiety, and improve overall health and wellbeing. Generally, forgiveness provides an opportunity for great personal growth and opens you up to richer and more fulfilling relationships. Ways to Practice Forgiveness If you feel ready to forgive, you may be wondering where to start. It is important to keep in mind that forgiveness is a process that can take time and effort to accomplish. I suggest starting small. For example, try to first start forgiving those that only commit minor offenses, such as someone who cuts you off in traffic. Taking such small steps can begin to open your heart to greater acts of forgiveness Listed here are a few ways to get you started towards forgiving others. Try these activities and see if they can help you on your journey towards forgiveness. You may find yourself obsessing over past events that hurt you. Going over and over these events in your mind can be adding to feelings of anxiety and depression. Use the thought-stopping technique to work toward acceptance. Change your perception about how you were hurt. Did you learn something about yourself through this experience? Sometimes our most painful experiences can teach us valuable life lessons, making us stronger and more insightful individuals through them. One of the most powerful ways to work through your emotions is through journal writing. Writing provides you a safe and uncensored place where you can explore the many aspects of your experience, track where you are in your process of forgiving, and uncover the many layers of emotions. When journal writing, try to balance out what you focus on. Instead of only writing about what you are angry about, also include that which you are grateful for today. Journal writing can be a positive way to begin to heal. You understandably have many feelings of anger toward the person who hurt you. Get these feelings out by writing the person a letter. Let them know in detail all the ways in which they hurt you and how you have felt about it. Get as honest as possible, releasing all of your pent up emotions onto paper. Let the person know that you have decided to forgive them. You can even explain why you are forgiving, such as writing, I forgive you because I no longer want to hold on to the pain you have caused. Once your letter is complete rip up into shreds. This activity will allow you to release emotions that needed to be expressed and then let them go. Use the Thought Stopping TechniqueLook for the LessonsWrite It OutPrepare a Letter

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Geography of Pakistans Provinces and Capital Territory

Pakistan is a country located in the Middle East near the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. The country is known as having the sixth largest population in the world and the second largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia, is a developing nation with an underdeveloped economy and it has a hot desert climate combined with cold mountainous areas. Most recently, Pakistan has experienced severe flooding that has displaced millions and destroyed a large part of its infrastructure. The country of Pakistan is divided into four provinces and one capital territory for local administration (as well as several federally administered tribal areas). The following is a list of Pakistans provinces and territory, arranged by land area. For reference, population and capital cities have also been included. Capital Territory 1) Islamabad Capital Territory Land Area: 906 sq kmPopulation: 805,235Capital: Islamabad Provinces 1) Balochistan Land Area: 347,190 sq kmPopulation: 6,565,885Capital: Quetta 2) Punjab Land Area: 205,345 sq kmPopulation: 73,621,290Capital: Lahore 3) Sindh Land Area: 140,914 sq kmPopulation: 30,439,893Capital: Karachi 4) Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Land Area: 74,521 sq kmPopulation: 17,743,645Capital: Peshawar Sources Central Intelligence Agency. (19 August 2010). CIA - The World Factbook - Pakistan. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html Wikipedia.org. (14 August 2010). Administrative Units of Pakistan - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay about The History and Evolution of Tai Chi - 1005 Words

The History and Evolution of Tai Chi Tai Chi is a result of the Chinese Taoists. The Taoists in their observation of nature found nothing was entirely still. If prey stayed in one place, the beasts of the forest would take advantage. They also found that this principle applied to humans as well and that if they remain stagnant, it opened the door for disease and old age. From this revelation, the Taoists began creating martial art forms, as well as using yoga introduced from India, to be active. It is believed that this is where Tai Chi has its roots. During the 13th century and the Sung Dynasty (960-1279 CE) Cheung San Fung (Zhang Sanfeng) was a member of the Wudang sect of Taoism under the branch of the School of Neidan or†¦show more content†¦Tai Chi for Meditation is done in conjunction with deliberate breathing techniques; this is termed meditation in motion. These exercises are designed to allow a person to search for a better understanding of them self by balancing the yin and yang within them or harmony of the physical and spiritual beings. These exercises promote a persons emotional or spiritual connection but they also promote physical conditioning such as balance, flexibility, coordination and stamina. Lastly, Tai Chi for protection involves nothing more than the exercises used in the form. There is a theory that states 4 ounces of strength against a ton of force. The methodology around the Chinese defense is incredible as can be found with the correlations between the concepts of Tai Chi and the Tao Te Ching preaching. The following are excerpts from the Tao Te Ching and lend support to the bases of Tai Chi. Verse 22: Therefore the ancients say, Yield or overcome Is that an empty saying? Verse 43: The softest thing in the universe Overcomes the hardest thing in the universe Verse 76: The hard and strong will fall The soft and weak will overcome them. Verse 78: The weak can overcome the strong; The supple can overcome the stiff. Under heaven everyone knows this; Yet no one puts it into practice. Also from the Song of the 13 Postures: Be still, when attacked by the opponent Be tranquilShow MoreRelatedAsian Cuisine1338 Words   |  6 Pagesinto conversation, they may ask the person â€Å"Have you eaten today?†, that is equivalent to our American traditional question when starting a conversation, â€Å"How are you doing.† Cooking is one of the oldest of human activities. When human evolution was at the hunter/gather stage, cooking was very simple -- kill something, throw it on the fire along with whatever vegetables and fruits were found that day, and eat. Spices and cooking equipment were rather simple at that time and there probablyRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1220 Words   |  5 PagesThe history of bipolar disorder is perhaps just as complex as the condition itself. Bipolar is highly recognized as a treatable disorder. The more we learn about bipolar disorder, the more people may be able to receive the help that they need. Centuries passed and little new was discovered about bipolar disorder until French psychiatrist Jean-Pierre Falret published an article in 1851 describing what he called â€Å"la folie circulaire,† which translates to circular insanity. The article details peopleRead MoreSuring Basa2660 Words   |  11 Pageswell-established walking trails in the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, plus the chance of spotting macaques, snakes and sea eagles. Don’t feed the monkeys! 10. Enjoy art for art’s sake Opened in 1996, the Singapore Art Museum aims to preserve the art history and practices of the region. Normally $10, but free on Friday evenings, 6-9pm. And one to break the bank Grab yourself a Singapore Sling in the place where it was invented: the Raffles Hotel. The cocktail is best enjoyed in the old-school Bar amp;Read MoreVietnam Internet Data Center Report9450 Words   |  38 Pages.................................................................................................. 30 6. Appendix A: Data Centre Location Maps ........................................................................................ 30 6.1 Ho Chi Minh ................................................................................................................................. 30 6.2 Hanoi ....................................................................................................Read MoreVietnam Internet Data Center Report9450 Words   |  38 Pages...................................................................................................... 30 6. Appendix A: Data Centre Location Maps ........................................................................................ 30 6.1 Ho Chi Minh ................................................................................................................................. 30 6.2 Hanoi ....................................................................................................Read MoreCulture and Religion8004 Words   |  33 Pagesseeking understanding.† CHRISTIANITY: A TREE WITH MANY BRANCHES ââ€" ª Until quite recently, Catholics believed that among Christian churches, they were the only ones who possessed the full truth. Today, many Catholics have a better idea of the history of the Church. So, the way they see things also changes. They now see a sturdy trunk that branched but there are also many other branches, which are fully alive. The other branches have carried and are still carrying valuable amount of fruits. Read MoreRelationship Between Tourism and Cultural Heritage Management: Evidence from Hong Kong7693 Words   |  31 Pagessharing of the resource creates partnership opportunities, whereby mutually beneï ¬ cial outcomes can be achieved. Heritage tourism reintroduces people to their cultural roots (Donert Light, 1996; McCarthy, 1994) and reinvigorates people’s interest in history or culture (Squire, 1996; Tourism Canada, 1991; WTO, nd). Further, culture as a tourist attraction can be a powerful force in arguing that a region’s historic, cultural, religious and industrial past should be conserved (see for example Harrison,Read MoreGuidance and Counseling Program Needs11909 Words   |  48 PagesSignificance of the Study†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Scope and Limitation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Conceptual Framework.†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Definition of Terms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Chapter II Review of Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The History of Guidance and Counseling in Schools†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Components of School Guidance Programs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The Importance of School Counselors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Fundamental Beliefs and Organizational Structure..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Leadership Roles†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pages Management Contents Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum †¢ The Power of Management Capital 1. New Management for Business Growth in a Demanding Economy 1 1 Text Jones−George †¢ Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management 17 17 2. The Evolution of Management Thought Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy †¢ Leadership, Fifth Edition I. Leadership is a Process, Not a Position 51 51 70 1. Leadership is Everyone’s Business 2. Interaction between the Leader, the Followers the Situation Cohen †¢ Effective

Imapact evaluation of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Free Essays

Regular monitoring of the household beneficiary database 2. Spot Checks 3. Quantitative Impact Evaluation (3-Wave Design) (34. We will write a custom essay sample on Imapact evaluation of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program or any similar topic only for you Order Now Qualitative Evaluation 5. Monitoring by a National Independent Advisory and Monitoring Committee Preliminary results of the Pantywaist Paying Filipino Program First Impact Evaluation (2011) 3 Objectives of the Impact Evaluation The II is designed to assess: 1 . Current effects of Pantywaist Family, Conditional Cash Family, Transfer Program ; Impact on use of health services and health outcomes ; Impact on schooling Impact on consumption 2. Different impact on different groups Geographic areas Gender IP status Relative poverty More children stay in school, with better chance to graduate from grade school 76 % Day Care/ Pre-school 65 % 98 % Elementary School 93 % Regular attendance among 12-14 year olds 10 percentage points higher in enrolment rate in day care or pre-school 96 % 5 percentage points higher in enrollment rate in elementary in regular attendance rate 91 % in elementary high school Pantywaist Households Non-pantywaist Households 4 More families prioritize education and health in their household budget Pantywaist families spend: 33% more on MEDICINE MEDICAL SERVICES 36% more on EDUCATION = household budget More children use health services 80. 6 % 74. 9 % Percentage of children O – 5 years old 70 63. 3 % 55. 3 % 50 Non-pantywaist Households Pantywaist 33. 3 % 20 10 16. 9% Having their weight monitored Taking determine pills Taking Vitamin A 5 More pregnant mothers get health care 54. 2% 63. 6% with 4 prenatal care visits Non -Pantywaist : with prenatal care Pantywaist: 26. 9% 36. 4% with postnatal care within 24 hours after delivery Without prenatal with postnatal Pantywaist: with postnatal care Without Conclusions Based on the initial findings, Pantywaist Family: ; Has strong and consistent impact on the key indicators targeted by the program in line with other ACT programs around the world. ; Is on track in reaching the program objectives set by DEWS 6 Future Plans and Directions On Impact Evaluation ; Conduct of 2nd and 3rd Wave Impact Evaluation in October 2013 and October 201 5 respectively ; Conduct of specialized studies on: ; Infant and Maternal Health ; Gender ; Indigenous Peoples . Pad ; Family Development Sessions ; Transition ; Local governance (supply side) 7 Thank you you. How to cite Imapact evaluation of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, Papers

Saturday, April 25, 2020

Renting A House Essays - Demography, Roommate,

Renting A House Communicating with people from other countries often makes me bother, and it happens when I am totally not expected about. This is not the first visit to the other country, but talking non-native language in non-native country is quite different from the long time study in my country. Especially, when we face some special occasion, like renting a room, it is very hard to negotiate with people. Renting a room is not a thing I am familiar with even in Japan. One day on July, one rumor among Japanese students became true, that not all of us can have a room in dormitory even if one send request in this April. My friend received a mail from UNR, which said that he could not have a room next semester. My friend and I were just shocked and on that day we started looking for a room. The most important thing to do when we want to find a nice room, I thought, was that to correct as much information as I can. Therefore, what I did at first is to check every public board not to miss any information that says, Roommates wanted, Room for Rent or House for rent. I searched the board in Business Building, EJCH, JTSU, and Main library. However, I could not many of them and if luckily I found these were not so cheap or too far from UNR. Then I started to search the room list at Student Residency Service office. There I found one room five minutes from school on foot. I went back to the dorm I live now in a hurry and called, it was my first phone call to person from other country. The call rang, but no one answer. I waited for a while, then the massage started saying This number is no longer validplease call XXX-XXXX. A short tense atmosphere ended, and I felt relieved. I called the new number, but I could not talk to anyone. After a while, I received new information of vacant room very near from a school. When I was writing e-mail, one of my roommates backed home. He was going to pay a deposit of the room and he told me that the house has some more vacant room available. We went to see the room. There were two vacant rooms; one was on the basement another was on the first floor. I loved the one in the first floor because it has two windows with new carpet. Moreover, the monthly rent was only $290 including utilities. However, since it was sudden news, I wanted to talk to my parents to be allowed. I left the house with my friends for that day. The things were seemed going all right for having parental permission, but truth was not. While I couldnt make an appointment, some one met the owner and had paid the deposit. I was just shocked; I couldnt concentrate on my classes on that day. I regret myself why I didnt decide to rent the room immediately after I loved it. Then I started to seek a room again at the office, but another good news was waiting for me. I receive a phone call from the owner that he says I can rent the room I wanted. I couldnt understand what was going on. He said again that I could rent because the one who paid the deposit accept the exchange of the room with one on the basement. This time I was just lucky, but this experience was a good lesson to me that if you are in a competition with many others one have to decide everything immediately. Especially like in this case of renting a house, the owner or the real estate agent will likely to put advertisements many places. This means that many will come and see the room. We need to be care full and judge whether if the room or the product is good but at the same time we have to be very quick once we know it is a good one. English Essays

Wednesday, March 18, 2020

Analysis of Eli Lilly case study

Analysis of Eli Lilly case study Review the history in recent years of Lilly that is presented in the case: what mistakes did Lilly make in its product development efforts?Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Analysis of Eli Lilly case study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Eli Lilly pharmaceutical company had been well known for the manufacture of insulin related products needed in the treatment of diabetes. The company had managed to establish very firm foundation in North America, Canada as well as other well developed economies (Christensen, 2004). As a matter of fact, Eli Lilly was one of the global market leaders in the production of insulin. Its major competitor was Novo Nordisk, a German based pharmaceutical firm. However, the two market rivals merged and formed one big firm. For a considerable period of time, Eli Lilly had enjoyed impressive revenue amounting to over $5 billion. In any case, the second largest generator of revenue at Eli L illy was insulin. The company started experiencing expedited growth in its manufacturing portfolio when it was awarded an exclusive license to manufacture and market insulin products in the wider North America. Although this was an early development, it greatly gave the company an impetus for growth bearing in mind that it came at a time when demand for insulin in the entire American continent was high due to increased obesity (Christensen, 2004). There were myriad of mistakes that the management at Eli Lilly Co. made in their path towards product development. It is imperative to note that all the subsequent improvements that were done on insulin especially after 1923 brought about tremendous results. However, the company failed to prioritize its development agenda. It is indisputable that the pharmaceutical company was faced with a major management challenge throughout its operations. For instance, one of the vivid mistakes that Eli Lilly committed was to invest enormous amount of money when innovating in one product only (Insulin). This was executed without a proper audit of the cost benefit analysis. In other words, the company proceeded with an extremely fast pace of innovation which jeopardized its operations in later years due to loss of billions of dollars. For example, the pens and Match insulin that were launched almost on all major markets across the world was done within a very short time. In addition, the test data technology as well as operating CDS centers proved to be an extra and unnecessarily financial burden to the company. It is imperative to mention that the CDS centers were not used to retail insulin products for Eli Lilly Company. These centers were meant for providing education to the population. As a result, there were no direct returns on this multi-million investment. The company also failed or completely ignored to work on its supply chain management as well as product line rationalization.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Why were those mistakes made in your opinion? Explain what you mean. In my opinion, Eli Lilly failed to draft its own developmental plan and the various phases through which innovation would take place. While we may appreciate the fact that the company made some considerable gains in its development record in manufacturing and marketing insulin products, it is worth noting that it reached at a point when cash outflows in terms of innovative investment went far above the revenue generated. In addition, the company should have introduced insulin products into the market bit by bit only after assessing the competitiveness and demand of the products. In most of its innovative moves, Eli Lilly did not proceed with caution. The company disregarded the potential of other market players. In addition, it did not carry out any investment appraisal or prior surveys before expandin g to overseas markets. As you analyze what lessons Lilly needs to have learned from its past experiences, apply those lessons to the innovation projects on Mr. Larry Ellingson’s current agenda at the time of the case. Is the Company pursuing the right diabetes related opportunities in light of what you perceive matters to most customers? Specify which of the possible projects he should emphasize and why. (Note that as always, there are various different segments of customers, some more important to growth than others). There are several lessons that Eli Lilly ought to have learnt from its past management loopholes. To begin with, it is worth noting that the main management problem at the company was largely a function of how innovation was approached over the years. In the case of Eli Lilly, it was necessary for the company to develop a statistical study source that would capture the internal innovative strategy of the firm as well as analyze the economic features of both the products being sold and innovative response of the market. For instance, the Portable Blood Glucose Meters did not respond well to some markets due to the prime price of the product. Additionally, the market dynamics led to low or reduced sales due to high competition from other market rivals. There were some companies like Boehringer Mannheim that were selling their insulin with free samples attached to the gadget. Mr. Larry Ellingson’s current agenda on innovation may not be addressing the needs of all segments of customers. The management of the company should emphasize on developing more user-friendly insulin gadgets and which are also cost effective. The CDS centers should be operated minimally or eliminated altogether. Mr. Larry Ellingson ought to embark on thorough Research and Development (RD) especially in foreign markets in order to establish the various needs of consumer segments available in the market before eventually rolling out new products.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Analysis of Eli Lilly case study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What about Humulin – what should the Company do with this product on which it has spent so much money with such poor results, why did it do this, what should it do now should it market it more widely to doctors (advertising was largely still forbidden at this time), market it differently, or discontinue it? The fact Humulin has been assimilated into the market as well as cost the company enormous sum of money implies one important consideration. It should be promoted in the market using the most viable avenues of advertisements. Market promotion should be accompanied by price reduction of the product so that all segments of consumers are reached out. It is most likely that the prime price of Humulin was a major marketing setback for the product. In addition, marketing of Humulin should also target professionals in healthcar e such as doctors. Is Eli Lilly Co. talking to the right persons or groups to determine what product features or advancements would be most appreciated by the â€Å"diabetes related market?† Explain your answer, do not just answer yes or no. It is highly likely that Eli Lilly Co has failed to contract the right persons or professional to carry out market survey before embarking on selling newly innovated products. This has been evident from the fact that a product such as Humulin did not yield positive outcome in the market. Research and Development (RD) is indeed necessary as part and parcel of successful innovative end. What other steps should Ellingson and/or his bosses do to ensure the success of Eli Lilly’s efforts to grow and expand its diabetes related market? The following are some of the steps that should be taken to ensure growth of diabetes related market: exercise strategic human resource management, conduct cost-benefit analysis, create a distinction bet ween process of innovation viability of individual product in the market as well as understand the various modes of innovation that can be successfully employed in international and domestic companies (Jolly, 2003).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What should we learn from this sad case? The main lesson that can be learnt from this case analysis is that the process of innovative development in an organization should be executed with caution and proper planning (Jolly, 2003). References Christensen, M.C. (2004). Eli Lilly and Company: Innovation in Diabetes Care. Harvard Business School. 697(77): 71-86. Jolly, A. (2003). Innovation: harnessing creativity for business growth. London, UK: Kogan Page.

Sunday, March 1, 2020

How to Study If You Only Have Minutes to Cram

How to Study If You Only Have Minutes to Cram Weve all been there: you either procrastinate or forget about a test until the last minute, at which point you realize that you have less than an hour to cram in as much knowledge as possible. Heres how to make the most of your cram session and study for your test in an hour or less. Find a Quiet Study Space If youre at school, head to the library or a quiet classroom. If youre studying at home, turn off the TV, shut off your phone, power down the computer, and head to your room. Politely request that your friends and/or family give you time to study quietly. If you have only a short period of time  to cram, youll need 100% of your focus. Review Your Study Guide If youve been lucky enough to receive a study guide from your teacher, use it! Study guides are a crammers best friend. Read through the study guide as many times as you can. Memorize as much of the content as possible, using mnemonic devices like acronyms or songs. You can also try reading out loud and discussing the content with a friend or family member. Dont worry about making flashcards or taking notes- an in-depth review of the study guide itself will be more effective. Crack Open the Textbook If you do not have a study guide, grab a pen and a notebook and open up your textbook. After youve confirmed which chapter(s) the test will cover, read the first two pages of each relevant chapter. Look for major ideas, vocabulary, and concepts, and as you read, summarize any words or phrase that are bold or highlighted in the text. (You can do this summary process in writing if you have time, or simply state your summary out loud). After youve read the first two pages of every chapter, read the last page of every chapter and answer the review questions in your head. If you cant figure out an answer to a review question, look it up in the textbook before moving on. These review questions are often good previews of the type of content to expect on your test. Review Notes, Quizzes and Assignments Dont have access to your textbook? Gather as many notes, quizzes, and assignments relevant to your upcoming test as you can. Your personal notes will hold plenty of useful information, and your teachers quizzes and assignments are often one of the main sources of test questions. Read every page as you would a study guide or textbook chapter, focusing on key terms and concepts. Try to memorize as much of the content as you can with mnemonic devices. Quiz Yourself Using your study guide, textbook, and/or previous assignments, hold a quick quiz session. Look for key terms, then cover up the answers with your hand and try to define them. Next, look for big concepts, then flip over the pages and explain the concepts in your head. Circle or write down any topics you have trouble with and review them several times. If you have time and access to a study buddy, he or she can help out by guiding you through one last quiz session, but self-studying is just as productive. Write Down Your Mnemonic Devices As soon as the teacher hands out the test and says begin, write your newly-created mnemonic devices (acronyms, phrases, etc.) down on your test paper. Seeing these mnemonic devices will jog your memory as you go through the test. Ask the Teacher for Help If you get confused or stuck during the test, dont be afraid to raise your hand and politely ask for help. Many teachers are willing to guide you in the right direction, particularly if they know you to be a hard-working student.

How to Study If You Only Have Minutes to Cram

How to Study If You Only Have Minutes to Cram Weve all been there: you either procrastinate or forget about a test until the last minute, at which point you realize that you have less than an hour to cram in as much knowledge as possible. Heres how to make the most of your cram session and study for your test in an hour or less. Find a Quiet Study Space If youre at school, head to the library or a quiet classroom. If youre studying at home, turn off the TV, shut off your phone, power down the computer, and head to your room. Politely request that your friends and/or family give you time to study quietly. If you have only a short period of time  to cram, youll need 100% of your focus. Review Your Study Guide If youve been lucky enough to receive a study guide from your teacher, use it! Study guides are a crammers best friend. Read through the study guide as many times as you can. Memorize as much of the content as possible, using mnemonic devices like acronyms or songs. You can also try reading out loud and discussing the content with a friend or family member. Dont worry about making flashcards or taking notes- an in-depth review of the study guide itself will be more effective. Crack Open the Textbook If you do not have a study guide, grab a pen and a notebook and open up your textbook. After youve confirmed which chapter(s) the test will cover, read the first two pages of each relevant chapter. Look for major ideas, vocabulary, and concepts, and as you read, summarize any words or phrase that are bold or highlighted in the text. (You can do this summary process in writing if you have time, or simply state your summary out loud). After youve read the first two pages of every chapter, read the last page of every chapter and answer the review questions in your head. If you cant figure out an answer to a review question, look it up in the textbook before moving on. These review questions are often good previews of the type of content to expect on your test. Review Notes, Quizzes and Assignments Dont have access to your textbook? Gather as many notes, quizzes, and assignments relevant to your upcoming test as you can. Your personal notes will hold plenty of useful information, and your teachers quizzes and assignments are often one of the main sources of test questions. Read every page as you would a study guide or textbook chapter, focusing on key terms and concepts. Try to memorize as much of the content as you can with mnemonic devices. Quiz Yourself Using your study guide, textbook, and/or previous assignments, hold a quick quiz session. Look for key terms, then cover up the answers with your hand and try to define them. Next, look for big concepts, then flip over the pages and explain the concepts in your head. Circle or write down any topics you have trouble with and review them several times. If you have time and access to a study buddy, he or she can help out by guiding you through one last quiz session, but self-studying is just as productive. Write Down Your Mnemonic Devices As soon as the teacher hands out the test and says begin, write your newly-created mnemonic devices (acronyms, phrases, etc.) down on your test paper. Seeing these mnemonic devices will jog your memory as you go through the test. Ask the Teacher for Help If you get confused or stuck during the test, dont be afraid to raise your hand and politely ask for help. Many teachers are willing to guide you in the right direction, particularly if they know you to be a hard-working student.

How to Study If You Only Have Minutes to Cram

How to Study If You Only Have Minutes to Cram Weve all been there: you either procrastinate or forget about a test until the last minute, at which point you realize that you have less than an hour to cram in as much knowledge as possible. Heres how to make the most of your cram session and study for your test in an hour or less. Find a Quiet Study Space If youre at school, head to the library or a quiet classroom. If youre studying at home, turn off the TV, shut off your phone, power down the computer, and head to your room. Politely request that your friends and/or family give you time to study quietly. If you have only a short period of time  to cram, youll need 100% of your focus. Review Your Study Guide If youve been lucky enough to receive a study guide from your teacher, use it! Study guides are a crammers best friend. Read through the study guide as many times as you can. Memorize as much of the content as possible, using mnemonic devices like acronyms or songs. You can also try reading out loud and discussing the content with a friend or family member. Dont worry about making flashcards or taking notes- an in-depth review of the study guide itself will be more effective. Crack Open the Textbook If you do not have a study guide, grab a pen and a notebook and open up your textbook. After youve confirmed which chapter(s) the test will cover, read the first two pages of each relevant chapter. Look for major ideas, vocabulary, and concepts, and as you read, summarize any words or phrase that are bold or highlighted in the text. (You can do this summary process in writing if you have time, or simply state your summary out loud). After youve read the first two pages of every chapter, read the last page of every chapter and answer the review questions in your head. If you cant figure out an answer to a review question, look it up in the textbook before moving on. These review questions are often good previews of the type of content to expect on your test. Review Notes, Quizzes and Assignments Dont have access to your textbook? Gather as many notes, quizzes, and assignments relevant to your upcoming test as you can. Your personal notes will hold plenty of useful information, and your teachers quizzes and assignments are often one of the main sources of test questions. Read every page as you would a study guide or textbook chapter, focusing on key terms and concepts. Try to memorize as much of the content as you can with mnemonic devices. Quiz Yourself Using your study guide, textbook, and/or previous assignments, hold a quick quiz session. Look for key terms, then cover up the answers with your hand and try to define them. Next, look for big concepts, then flip over the pages and explain the concepts in your head. Circle or write down any topics you have trouble with and review them several times. If you have time and access to a study buddy, he or she can help out by guiding you through one last quiz session, but self-studying is just as productive. Write Down Your Mnemonic Devices As soon as the teacher hands out the test and says begin, write your newly-created mnemonic devices (acronyms, phrases, etc.) down on your test paper. Seeing these mnemonic devices will jog your memory as you go through the test. Ask the Teacher for Help If you get confused or stuck during the test, dont be afraid to raise your hand and politely ask for help. Many teachers are willing to guide you in the right direction, particularly if they know you to be a hard-working student.

Friday, February 14, 2020

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 19

Case study - Essay Example Lisa mate with Mr. Anderson the controller of acquired firm. She asked for several financial records from Mr. Anderson. Lisa has found some discrepancies into those records and wanted more details but unfortunately she did not get enough support. Here in this case identified ethical issue is improper way of managing accounting practices from the side of the acquired company. Here in this case Prestige Fragrance Company has intentionally and suspiciously inflated two accounts in their balance sheet. Those two accounts are â€Å"Other Assets† and â€Å"Other accrued liabilities†. Here in this case the acquired company has not given enough documents related with the other assets section. Review conducted by Lisa has categorically indicated that the acquired company has unethically capitalized marketing expenses. The organization has recorded marketing expenses as the asset. It should have been recorded in the expense section. It indicates that to inflate the financial situation Prestige Fragrance Company has intentionally used unethical accounting practices to create more value for the firm. It is a clear cut ethical breach from the side of Prestige Fragrance Company. The company has continued its unethical accoun ting practices in case of â€Å"Other accrued liabilities† also. When Lisa has asked for the all journal entries related with â€Å"Other accrued liabilities†, Mr. Anderson totally declined to give any details to Lisa. It further reinforces the presence of ethical issue. This attitude of Mr. Anderson has clearly indicated that, he wants to cover up something and for that reason only he is not willing to provide all the documents to Lisa. Hiding something from the finance manager of the parent company is also a clear cut ethical issue which is present in the current case. There are several stakeholders are related with the ethical issues. The whole accounting procedure is

Saturday, February 1, 2020

No preference Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No preference - Coursework Example However, the level of technology has led to interpretation of the constitution into simple terms changing the original meaning. The development of the translational corporation for the last decades indicates how the power has shifted away from sovereignty in nations that have embraced technology. The mass media has caused a lot of influence on democracy. Some magazines and television stations criticize the behaviors of political leaders. Gone are the days when the reporters could not talk about political leaders without facing punishment. The advancement in technology will continue influencing the constitution. In future, rules of voting will change. Citizens may never vote through the ballot box. Elections will take place through the internet and voters will cast their votes online. All citizens will have a freedom of posting their criticism about some behaviors in the internet. A constitution plays a leading role in every country. However, rules and regulation differs in each country. It is very difficult for an individual to rule out that which is a majoritys agreement. Therefore, being a citizen in a particular country one has to adhere to the rules and regulations governing that country (Stone & Marshal, 2015) Different country support death penalty for murderers while others support life imprisonment. However, criminal regulations depend on the constitution of the state. Much as death penalty may seem unfair to the offender, it is advantageous as it helps curb murder

Friday, January 24, 2020

Interracial America :: Racial Relations, People of Color, Asians

Lakshmi Chaundhry is a senior editor of AlterNet, an independent, alternative online news magazine. He thinks that people of different races falling in love, is a â€Å"luxury we can’t afford.†(158) Meanwhile, Andrew Sullivan a contributing writer for New York Times Magazine and senior editor of the New Republic thinks that interracial marriages break barriers and make people happier which in turn makes them more successful. Sullivan thinks, â€Å"If the rate of inter-racial marriages increases, the next generation may well not identify as ‘black’ or ‘white’ at all.†(158) â€Å"To avoid frustration, self-loathing, and anger, people of color should be discouraged from entering interracial romantic relationships,† claims Chaundry.(158) Chaundry suggests that people should stay away from interracial relationships. One of his main reasons is because not everyone will have someone. He feels that everyone picks and chooses. Chaundry states that it’s a â€Å"racial hierarchy.† â€Å"Anglos squarely are at the top.†(159) The Anglos determine who is hot and who is not. One of his arguments is about Asians. â€Å"Asians just don’t cut the list,† states Chaundry. (159) There will be no women for the Asian guy. â€Å"’We’re at the bottom of the pile, right along with black women.’†(159) Even Hollywood shows this. â€Å"In ‘Shanghai Knights,’ actress Fann Wong is matched with Owen Wilson instead of Jackie Chan, who is conveniently cast as her brother.†(159) Hollywood is send ing the message that Asian men are not wanted. â€Å"No women for the Asian guy.†(159) This affects the life of people. Henry says, â€Å"’It means a lot of loneliness, a lot of Friday nights without a date.’†(159) Being lonely leads these men to have â€Å"’an obsession with pornography.’† (160) Not having anyone for them affects the lives of these Asian men. On the contrary, â€Å"Asian women have a better shot at getting some white booty.†(160) This is called a â€Å"cultural leverage.†(160). A cultural leverage is when one sex isn’t really accepted culturally but the other sex can get anyone they desire. The Asian woman has more sexual options. The Asian man is limited to very few choices. â€Å"The men in my community want the right to do the same.†(160) This is a problem that the Asian man faces according to Chaudhry and her resources. â€Å"I spent my teen years falling in and out of love with a number of seriously cute Indian boys.†(161) She grew up in Indian where she refers to it as â€Å"[having] harsher realities of race.†(161) When she moved back to America she was judged by a white person for her marriage.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Research paper about the effects of divorce on children Essay

â€Å"Only acts of war and the events of natural disasters are more harmful to a child’s psyche than the divorce process.† The Newsletter of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers, 1997 Prior to 1985, divorce was hard to obtain in Canada. However, with the passage of the Divorce Act of 1985, which allowed divorce after one year’s separation, the divorce rate reached an all time high of 3.55 (per 1,000) in 1987 (Campbell, 2000). In 2000, Canada’s population reached 30.7 million. 1.4 million people had divorced as opposed to 14.6 million who remained married (Canadian Stats, 2001). The Canadian divorce rate is 2.46 (per 1000) with an average of 73,000 divorces per year (Campbell, 2000). Research indicates that divorce is a painful transition in the lives of all involved, especially children. Their wounds become more painful and troublesome over time. The impact of divorce steadily increases over the first three decades of children’s lives (Children & Divorce, 2001). And, although the effects of divorce do not necessarily secure the failure of these children as adults, they do make the challenges of growing up even more difficult than they already are. Divorce affects boys and girls in different ways. Adolescent males often become more aggressive and destructive, while females initially cope well (Wendel, 1997) However, in young adulthood, they develop problems. This is known as the â€Å"sleeper effect† (Wendel, 1997). When children of divorce reach their twenties and begin to engage in relationships of their own, some become afraid that they will repeat the failure of their parents (Wendel, 1997). Others develop a distrust of relationships, fearing they will be the ones abandoned or betrayed by their spouse (Wendel, 1997). Moreover, these children tend to get more caught in the cycle of drug and alcohol abuse, become sexually active at a young age, lack academic competence, have difficulty forming romantic relationships later in life, and lastly, feel a deep sense of abandonment and loneliness (Children, 2001). In nearly all cases of divorce, one parent is forced to relocate. This can be a harmful experience for children as they leave behind friends and a  familiar environment. Relocating often leaves the youth lonely and isolated (Children, 2001). Making new friends and adjusting to a new environment is obviously a difficult task, especially when one must cope with a new domestic situation All in all, divorce may have a lasting impact on children as it can cause them several adjustment problems. Research seems to indicate that there is: a higher incidence of adjustment problems among children of divorce compared with those of intact families; a relationship between marital status, predivorce parenting practices, and children’s adjustment to divorce; and, lastly, a variety of different effects of divorce on the adjustment and interpersonal problems of children As children grow older, they will come to terms with the fact that divorce is an adult decision over which they have no control over. Their visions of the traditional nuclear family begin to slowly fade and disappear in early adulthood. In nearly all cases, acceptance is a slow and steady process which requires rational and caring communication between both parents (Wendel, 1997). There is a higher incidence of adjustment problems among children of divorce compared with children in two-parent families (Simons, Lin, Gordon, Conger, Lorenz, 1999). The differences can be explained by loss of family income, parental conflict, psychological adjustment and parenting practices of the custodial parent, and the level of involvement of the noncustodial parent (Simons et al., 1999). Parental divorce increases the chances that a child will have difficulty with school, engage in early sex, suffer depression, commit delinquent acts, and use illicit substances (Simons et al., 1999). Adults who experienced parental divorce as children have poor psychological adjustment, lower socioeconomic attainment, and greater marital instability than adults reared in a nuclear family (Simons et al., 1999). The impact of reduced family income on the adjustment of children of divorce  (COD) may be expressed indirectly through its negative effect on the emotional well-being and quality of parenting of the custodial parent (Simons et al., 1999). The quality of the mother’s parenting mediates much of the association between divorce and child adjustment problems (Simons et al., 1999). This finding holds for both boys and girls. Parental depression and ineffective parenting explain a big portion of the correlation between divorce and internalizing (emotional stress) and externalizing problems (aggressive, delinquent behaviour) (Simons et al., 1999). Marital conflict operates to disrupt quality of parenting, which in turn increases the child’s risk for internal and external problems (Simons et al., 1999). The association between divorce and boy’s externalizing problems can be explained by the quality of the mother’s parenting and of the father’s involvement in parenting (Simons et al., 1999). On the other hand, there are three factors that serve to increase the probability that boys will experience internalizing problems: predivorce parental conflict, mother’s depression, and low quality parenting (Simons et al., 1999). Boys with divorced parents tend to be more depressed than those from two-parent families regardless of the psychological adjustment, level of conflict, or quality of parenting manifested by their parents (Simons et al., 1999). Parental divorce has been shown to be more emotionally disturbing to boys than to girls. Boys continue to show higher rates of depression than boys in nuclear families even when their mothers show positive psychological adjustment and engage in competent parenting (Simons et al., 1999). Compared with fathers in nuclear families, nonresidential fathers are less likely to help their children solve problems, to discuss standards of conduct, or to enforce discipline (Simons et al., 1999). This finding suggests that a divorced father who remains actively involved as a parent may significantly reduce his son’s chances of conduct problems. The quality of the father’s parenting does not mediate the association between parental divorce and girl’s antisocial behaviour (Simons et al.,  1999). Divorce elevates a girl’s risk for depression because it increases the chances that her mother will become depressed, which in turn reduces the quality of her parenting (Simons et al., 1999). Besides quality of mother’s parenting, postdivorce parental conflict serves to mediate the association between divorce and delinquency by girls. Girls appear to respond with less distress than boys and are at no greater risk for depression than girls living in nuclear families if their mothers are able to avoid depression and engage in competent parenting after divorce (Simons et al., 1999). Even after controlling for quality of parenting, predivorce conflict increases the chances of depression in boys whereas postdivorce conflict elevates a girl’s risk for conduct problems. Research findings conclude that the threat of parental loss, rather than parental conflict, may be what is disturbing to a child (Simons et al., 1999). Also, COD are at risk for adjustment problems because their parents are less likely to engage in competent parenting and are more likely to engage in parental conflict than parents who are married to each other (Simons et al., 1999). There is a relationship between marital status, predivorce parenting practices, and children’s adjustment to divorce (Shaw, Emery, Tuer, 1993). Prospective relations of parenting practices indicate that parents of to-be-divorced families with sons show less concern, and higher levels of rejection, economic stress, and parental conflict prior to divorce in comparison to intact families (Shaw et al., 1993). There are no behavioural differences for boys and girls in to-be-divorced versus intact families, but boys tend to have more problems after divorce (Shaw et al., 1993). The difficulties found among boys after divorce may be linked with parenting problems that begin before divorce (Shaw et al., 1993). Both prior to and following divorce, girls from divorced families show fewer consistent differences in terms of psychological adjustment than girls from always-married families (Shaw et al., 1993). Conversely, boys show an increase in problems following the divorce. Their greater vulnerability following divorce is attributed to a host of parental factors following the  parental separation: greater and longer exposure to domestic quarrels; more inconsistency, use of negative sanctions, and opposition from parents; less attendance to son’s needs and less positive parental support (Shaw et al., 1993). For boys, the proportion of variance in behaviour problems explained by divorce falls to a level where differences are no longer significant (Shaw et al., 1993). For girls, predivorce conditions account for variance in their adjustment following divorce (Shaw et al., 1993). Divorce is still significant for them once predivorce behavioural adjustment is taken into account (Shaw et al., 1993). Girls from divorced families may cope with later stressors more successfully, and thereby show a better adjustment in young adulthood, because their divorce experience is of a more controlled nature (Shaw et al., 1993). Boys may respond less favourably because of their increased vulnerability to stress in general, but also because the initial impact of divorce involves a less controlled exposure to stress (Shaw et al., 1993). For most boys, divorce is also associated with the loss of daily contact with the same-sex parent. Though the father’s departure may provide relief from witnessing parental disputes, it comes at the price of losing daily contact with the father (Shaw et al., 1993). Boys who live with mothers following the divorce are at an increased risk for later behaviour difficulties in comparison to boys in father-custody homes (Shaw et al., 1993). Parental conflict, rejection, and a lack of parental concern play a role in differentiating the home environments of boys from to-be-divorced and always-married families (Shaw et al., 1993). Parenting differences in the predivorce home are related to divorced boys’ subsequent greater level of adaption difficulty in young adulthood (Shaw et al., 1993). Lastly, boys from to-be-divorced families come from family environments characterized by greater rejection, economic stress, and less concern than boys from intact families, and, as a result, these same boys have more adjustment problems after the divorce (Shaw et al., 1993). To summarize, relations between predivorce parenting problems and difficulties in children adjustment are  stronger for boys than for girls. There are a variety of different effects of divorce on the adjustment and interpersonal problems of children (Pruett & Pruett, 1999; Bolgar, Zweig, Paris, 1995; Radovanovic, 1993). One effect of divorce is caused by the fact that young children are egocentric. Therefore, they may attribute blame for parental conflict to themselves, resulting in feelings of guilt and low self-esteem (Pruett et al., 1999). For this reason, children from high-conflict families may not learn the social skills (such as negotiation and compromise) necessary to ensure rewarding relationships in childhood and adulthood (Pruett et al., 1999). Another effect of divorce is youth leaving home early to escape from an aversive home environment (Pruett et al., 1999). This pattern may involve curtailing educational plans; it may also involve marriage at an early age to an inappropriate partner, resulting in poor marital quality and an elevated risk of divorce (Pruett et al., 1999). COD suffer problems with control. Since COD have no power to stop their parents from divorcing, a need is created to control relationships which lasts into young adulthood (Bolgar et al., 1995). The need to control extends to non-intimate relationships, such as authority figures. Therefore, COD have difficulties getting along with authority (Bolgar et al., 1995). Adults who experience parental divorce as children, compared with adults raised in intact two-parent homes, have greater psychological problems, lower socio-economic attainment, poorer quality marital relationships, and an increased propensity to divorce (Pruett et al., 1999). High levels of interparental, verbal and physical aggression characterize exchanges between ex-spouses and exert a negative impact on children’s adjustment. Consequently, there is a negative impact of interparental conflict on children’s behaviour and emotional functioning (Radovanovic, 1993). High levels of parental discord are associated with interpersonal problems for young adults (Bolgar et al., 1995). Other antecedents  associated with interpersonal problems are: the mother never remarrying, the mother remarrying more than once, high preseparation parent hostility, and high levels of maternal interference in the relationship of the child with the other parent after the separation (Bolgar et al., 1995). High levels of preseparation parental hostility are associated with young adults’ greater sense of being too controlling in their interpersonal relationships (Bolgar et al., 1995). High or moderate levels of maternal interference in the child’s relationship with the father after separation are associated with greater problems with intimacy (Bolgar et al., 1995). Research findings conclude that in high-conflict families, children have less adjustment problems if their parents divorce (Pruett et al., 1999). Conversely, in low-conflict families, children have less problems if their parents stay together (Pruett et al., 1999). Lastly, children who share a warm, supportive relationship with an emotionally well-adjusted custodial parent practicing fair and firm parenting are likely to do well, despite the presence of interparental conflict (Radovanovic, 1993). Parents need to work together. By doing so, they reduce the anxiety that children experience through their parent’s divorce. No matter how harsh the relationship between ex-spouses, if the two parties work together, the relationship with their child will be a successful one. In conclusion, I think this essay has proven that divorce has a lasting impact on children as it causes them several adjustment problems. Research indicates that there is: a higher incidence of adjustment problems among children of divorce compared with those of intact families; a relationship between marital status, predivorce parenting practices, and children’s adjustment to divorce; and, lastly, a variety of different effects of divorce on the adjustment and interpersonal problems of children. The adjustment problems that COD face compared to those in intact families shows that even after controlling for quality of parenting, predivorce  conflict increases the chances of depression in boys, whereas postdivorce conflict elevates a girl’s risk for conduct problems. Also, COD are at risk for adjustment problems because their parents are less likely to engage in competent parenting and are more likely to engage in parental conflict than parents who are married to each other (Simons et al., 1999). The relationship between marital status, predivorce parenting practices, and children’s adjustment to divorce shows that both prior to and following divorce, girls from divorced families show fewer consistent differences in terms of psychological adjustment than girls from intact families (Shaw et al., 1993). Conversely, boys show an increase in problems following divorce. Their greater vulnerability following divorce is credited to: greater exposure to domestic quarrels; less attendance to son’s needs, and less positive parental support (Shaw et al., 1993). Lastly, a variety of different effects of divorce on the adjustment and interpersonal problems of children shows that high levels of interparental aggression characterize exchanges between ex-spouses and exert a negative impact on children’s adjustment. Consequently, there is a negative impact of interparental conflict on children’s behaviour and emotional functioning (Radovanovic, 1993). Areas of future research: the relationships between the childhood and divorce experiences; the functioning of children of divorce in later adult roles of spouse, parent, and worker; extension of prospective research on children from divorced families to include the investigation of family environment, as well as child adjustment; giving greater attention to what is happening in the family prior to divorce; clarifying the connections between interparental conflict, divorce, and parent-child relationships; defining the processes by which stress, social networks, and coping affect children’s adjustment after parental divorce. The many problems divorce causes children, such as increased adjustment and interpersonal problems, all can be prevented, or at least minimized. We need to find ways that lessen the impact of divorce for children and teach  parents how their divorce causes long-term harm to their children. Preventing destructive forms of parental conflict and promoting a healthy co-parenting relationship are potentially effective means of reducing children’s risk for many of the negative outcomes associated with parental divorce (Shifflett, Cummings, 1999). Things that parents can do to minimize the impact of divorce on children: build their children’s social skills; find a support network; stay, if possible, in the same community as the non-residential parent; disengage if conflict arises; stay optimistic; (Kalter, 1987). Things that children can do to minimize the impact of divorce: keep a resilient temperament; have good social skills – empathy, sense of humour, interpersonal awareness; have a support network of friends and relatives; success at school helps; a supportive relationship with just one parent can minimize the impact of a difficult relationship with the other parent; economic stability is helpful (Kalter, 1987). Children of divorce need to understand that divorce is an issue between two adults, and although the divorce will affect the children, they must understand that they are not the cause of it. The negative impact of divorce is so strong that children of divorced parents struggle as adults to create a positive, healthy family environment for their own children. All too often, adults who experienced divorce as children prove less capable of breaking the cycle and instead pass on a legacy of tragedy to their children and their children’s children (Fagan, 2000).

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

What Does Argumentation Mean

Argumentation is the process of forming reasons, justifying beliefs, and drawing conclusions with the aim of influencing the thoughts and/or actions of others. Argumentation (or argumentation theory) also refers to the study of that process. Argumentation is an interdisciplinary field of study and a central concern of researchers in the disciplines of logic, dialectic, and rhetoric.   Contrast writing an argumentive essay, article, paper, speech, debate, or presentation with one thats purely persuasive. While a persuasive  piece can be built with anecdotes, imagery, and emotional appeals, an argumentive piece needs to rely on facts, research, evidence,   logic, and the like to back up its claim. It is useful in any field where findings or theories are presented to others for review, from science to philosophy and much in between.   You can use different methods, techniques, and tools when writing and organizing an argumentive piece: dissoi logoi  (showing a preponderance of evidence)expeditio  (eliminating all the wrong items to come to a conclusion)Rogerian argument  (appealing to common ground)Socratic dialogue  (reaching a conclusion through answering questions) Purpose and Development Effective argumentation has many uses—and critical thinking skills are helpful  even in everyday life—and the practice has developed over time. The three goals of critical argumentation are to identify, analyze, and evaluate arguments. The term argument is used in a special sense, referring to the giving of reasons to support or criticize a claim that is questionable, or open to doubt. To say something is a successful argument in this sense means that it gives a good reason, or several reasons, to support or criticize a claim.  The Argumentative SituationAn argumentative situation...is a site in which the activity of arguing takes place, where views are exchanged and changed, meanings explored, concepts developed, and understandings achieved. It may also be a site in which people are persuaded and disagreements resolved, but these popular goals are not the only ones, and too narrow a focus on them threatens to overlook much for which argumentation is a central and important tool.Argumentative Theory of ReasoningNow some researchers are suggesting that reason evolved for a completely different purpose: to win arguments. Rat ionality, by this yardstick...is nothing more or less than a servant of the hard-wired compulsion to triumph in the debating arena. According to this view, bias, lack of logic and other supposed flaws that pollute the stream of reason are instead social adaptations that enable one group to persuade (and defeat) another. Certitude works, however sharply it may depart from the truth.The Hitchhikers Guide to ArgumentationThe argument runs something like this. I refuse to prove that I exist, says God, for proof denies faith and without faith I am nothing. Sources D.N. Walton,   Fundamentals of Critical Argumentation. Cambridge University Press, 2006. Christopher W. Tindale,   Rhetorical Argumentation: Principles of Theory and Practice. Sage, 2004. Patricia Cohen, Reason Seen More as Weapon Than Path to Truth.  The New York Times, June 14, 2011. Peter Jones as the Book in episode one of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, 1979.